Hola!
As you have seen we have tweak a couple of things in terms of balance, such as influence cost, tenets or cultures. Here is the list with all the details of the changes.

Influence Balancing

You probably know how many players bring up the rapidly growing influence costs for various actions in the game. To be honest, some of those costs did spiral a bit out of control in the mid to late game. So we are adjusting some factors to the following:

• Civics: Reduced the cost impact of Number of Enacted Civics
• Attaching Outposts: Reduced the impact of already attached territories by 40%
• Merging Cities: Reduced the impact of Infrastructure Buyout Cost by over 50%

Vassalization

Forcefully Vassalizing an opponent after a war will now be cheaper if you have more Fame than them. Roughly every 200 Fame should provide a 10 point reduction in War Score Cost.

Militarist Affinity:

While the Iron Reserves ability is incredibly powerful when exploited by an experienced player, we found that most more casual players find it extremely weak and almost never use it. So, we are making some tweaks to it to make it feel better to use for casual players, while fixing some bugs and unintended uses:

• Militia units in Eras 5 and 6 now cost 2 pop each to raise (sieges unaffected) 
• Militia units can be upgraded into professional units in the Anti Cavalry branch (starting from Spearmen up to Rifles in the 6th era) 
• Militia units are no longer free to heal
• Fixed an exploit that created population when upgrading and disbanding units
• Adjusted Ability Cooldown to scale with gamespeed and army size

Cultures

Now we're getting into the meat of the balancing

[ERA 1]

Phoenicians

• Phoenician LT loses early naval tech cost reductions, gains +1 CS and +1 Movement Speed on naval units
• EU becomes Naval Transport, unlocked with Fishing. 13CS, 2 Movement Speed (14CS and 3 Move Speed with LT)
• Phoenicians gain access to Pentekonter
• EQ gains a +1 Food worker slot (as money is not that powerful in the Ancient Era)

Hittites

• LT: tech cost reduction to wheel replaced with "+20 to FIMS per Occupied City on each of their Own Cities" (Note: This effect ends with the war.)
• Emblematic Quarter provides +3 Money and +20 Health Regen to friendly units in territory

Assyria

• Dunnu counts as Commons Quarter

Myceneans

• EQ loses additional industry bonus

Olmec

• LT now gives +3 Influence per territory (was +1)

[ERA 2]

Romans

• EQ now permanently gives +5 Influence, +5 Stability for each adjacent district
• EQ now counts as Commons Quarter 
• EQ gives +50 Fame if completed while city is Victorious 
• LT –30% upkeep reduction replaced with +50% experience gain on unit (as army upkeep seems to rarely be a concern for players)
• LT lost -30% Research Cost for Imperial Power
• Praetorian Guard lose 1CS (now 29)

Goths

• LT: Removed Ransack Combat Strength Bonus (difficult to understand for players)
• LT: Added "+25% of Ransack Gains earned as Science per Army Unit" Currently bugged: Provides 50% bonus instead
• EQ Base Yields unchanged, but no Stability penalty
• EQ also increases overall ransack bounty by +5%
• EQ now counts as Commons Quarter

Era 2+ nomads (Huns, Mongols)

• No longer gain food as combat spoils 
• Now can collect special “Pasture” curiosities that spawn on Prairie and Dry Grass which give food

Huns

• LT: Added +5 science per Unit on hostile territory

Garamantes

• EQ now provides +1 food on exploitation on local territory territory
• EQ provides +2 food per adjacent sterile tile
• EQ now must be build next to Sterile, Stony Field, or Rocky Field

[ERA 3]

Aztecs

• EQ now counts as Commons Quater
• EQ now gives +10 Stability (was +5)
• EQ provides double yield while Sacrificing
• EQ provides +1CS to all units per sacrificing city

Mongols 

• LT: Added -25% Vassalization cost reduction

[ERA 4]

Ming

• LT: Replaced "+1 Influence on Territory" with "+10 Influence per enacted Civic"
• EQ: No longer provides Stability, but counts as Commons Quarter instead
• EQ: restricted +1 Influence on District effect to local territory

Poles

• EQ now counts as Commons Quarter

Venetians

• LT: Added +1 Influence per trade route to existing effect
• EQ: +2 Money base yield (was +1)
• EQ: +2 Influence per adjacent District (was +1 per market before)

Spain

• EQ now gives +5 stability (was -10)
• EQ now counts as Commons Quarter

[ERA 5]

Ethiopia

• Legacy Trait Effect boosted to +10 Science on Garrisons (was +5)
• Legacy Trait gains "CS of hostile units within borders gained as Science"
• EQ now counts as Commons Quarter
• EQ now properly counts as Garrison

Zulu

• EQ now counts as Farmers Quarter
• EQ now serves as construction anchor like Hamlet
• EQ now gives +25XP on new units (was +10)

French

• EQ loses "Collective Minds" effect
• EQ gains +2 Science per trade route

Russians

• LT loses old effects
• LT gains "-25% outpost creation cost"
• LT gains +10 Fortification on settlements

[ERA 6]

USSR

• Resource now only applies CS bonus if unit is Supplied

Americans

• EQ loses "strength on adjacent units"
• EQ no longer reduces Stability
• EQ gains gold synergy with Garrisons
• EQ counts as Market Quarter
• EQ counts as Commons Quarter?
• EQ gives +3 Bombardment Strength (Yes, this is global.)

Japan

• EQ loses explicit synergy effect with Makers and Research quarters (provided by infrastructures through "counts as")
• EQ: Restricted +2 Science and +2 Industry effects to local territory

Turks

• LT buffed to +3 Food per pop (was +1)

Brazil

• EQ: gains "+3 Science per adjacent Farmers Quarter"
• EQ: gains +1 Researcher slot
• EQ now counts as research quarter

Religious Districts and Tenets

We've added an explicit line in the "counts as" section for religious districts. Currently, the list of Religious Districts includes all Holy Sites ("normal" and cultural wonders, but this may not be displayed yet), and the the following Emblematic Quarters

• Aztec
• Maya
• Edo Japanese
• Spanish
• Russian
• Umayyads
• Maurya
• Celts
• Goths
• Aksumites
• Teutons
• Ottomans
• Nazca
• (Yes, we know the list isn't complete. Feel free to point out any missing ones so we can include them in the post release patch.)

In addition to that, we have added an additional effects to the following Tenets

• Tier 1
  • Respect the seas’ bounties : +2 Food on Religious District
  • Abstain from Intoxicants: +2 Industry on Religious District 
  • Seek Wisdom: +2 Science on Religious District 
  • Shelter the True Oracles: +2 Influence on Religious District 
  • Be virtuous as Water: +2 Stability on Religious District 
  • Reject Luxury: +2 Money on Religious District 
• Tier 2 
  • Undertake Pilgrimage: +2 Influence on Religious District 
  • Bear not False Witness: +2 Science on Religious District 
  • Give Alms: +2 Money on Religious District 
  • Observe Fasts : +2 Food on Religious District 
  • Protect the Weak: +2 Stability on Religious District 
• Tier 3 
  • Develop the Intellect: +2 Science on Religious District 
  • Purge Idleness: +2 Industry on Religious District 
  • Mandate Patronage: +2 Money on Religious District 
  • Proselytize Daily: +2 Influence on Religious District 
• Tier 4 
  • Raise Monuments: +2 Science on Religious District 
  • Donate Generously: +2 Money on Religious District 
  • Sustain the Faithful: +2 Stability on Religious District

We hope you like these changes and have fun with the beta.

Woooooowwwww, some of these look amazing! :D 

Some quick thoughts (questions underlined, concerns/thoughts in bold, gushing unformatted :)  )

• Phonecians is interesting!  Let's see how it changes early seafaring.
• Olmecs +1 to +3 influence is good for them, but I'm always worried about influence-over-foreign-territories snowballing.  I'm curious what this change does.
• Those science-with-units changes on Huns, Goths, Ethiopians is neat and compelling!
• I love that the Goths got some love from top to bottom.  This EQ change seems transformative, especially dropping the stability penalty and making it a CQ and HS.  Excited to try them.
• Love to see some of these EQs count as Commons Quarters.  Will EQs that count as Commons Quarters (CQ) also mean bonus +5 stability per adjacent districts, or is that limited to "true" CQs? Aztec Altars and Roman Arches feel great now. I remember this specific thread in G2G; it feels great having these conversations and knowing you're listening to us. :)
• Garamantes EQ limited to sterile/stony/rocky is a good fix.  Currently you can pop them on fertile land for huge food gains as though they were English Strongholds.  They're maybe too powerful in a way that wasn't intended -- that doesn't feel like it's their niche, you know?  I'm very excited to see this change in action.
• Ming, Venetian, Spanish all look like great, balancing changes.  Seeing the Spanish EQ give a bonus to stability and count as a CQ makes me want to see that in the Umayyad, Ottoman, and Mughal EQs, too.  Mosques are community centres and should be treated like Catedrals, Altars, Tumulii, etc. are now.  However, bonus stability on the Jama Masjid would make it too strong with its production benefits though, I know.  (It's maybe too strong already)
• Ethiopian changes welcome.  They had a great idea behind them but numerically it was a bit weak.  I'd love to see their EQ count as a Garrison and a Research Quarter instead of a Garrison and Commons Quarter; I'm a bit confused why a CQ was chosen.  Was this a typo?
• Zulu EQ changes: Seems alright, but it feels like it's just another Maasai Enkang.
• French EQ changes:  Nice!  French EQ needed a different buff with the changes to Collective Minds, and trade routes is a clever swap!
• USSR: Nice change.  Defensive powerhouse and no longer bonkers aggressers.
• Americans: Interesting.  No thoughts yes, but I'm glad it's being changed.
• Japan EQ: Probably fair, though by Era 6 I didn't find their EQs too strong.  Japan's strength was in their LT and Collective Minds being overpowered (fixed)
• Love the Brazil changes too!

Religion

• Missing "Religious Districts":  Mughal's Jama Masjid, Caralan's Ceremonial Plaza, Frankish Scriptorium, Mississippians Sacred Mound (or not? they'd buff themselves), Indian Ashram
• Also: Even though they don't produce "Faith", consider treating the Ancient Era Olmec Head, and the Meroe and Egyptian Pyramids as Religious Districts?
• Tenet bonuses on religious districts is a neat idea, and encourages more religious factions!  I'm curious to see how these play. :D

Thanks for the quick replies, Cat-o-Nine!  Tumulus being a Religious District instead of a Holy Site definitely makes more sense!

Damage up for bombardment is an interesting twist, and does tie in with the Lightning, so that's neat synergy. Even if it's conditional though, this damage up should probably still be capped or heavily limited in some capacity; if an American player can get enough Defense Agencies such that their Lightnings can one-shot a single unit (with splash damage that could potentially one-shot as well), that's just recreating the Soviet issue.

The main problem with religion in general is mostly what to do when a player has already got 4 tenets, which is something that can happen as early as the Medieval Era. When that happens, I think there're only two reasons to get any more faith once a religion gets to 4 tenets: to get more followers to fuel Teuton's Spurred by Faith, and to power up Angkor Wat. And those only apply if one picks the Teuton culture, or built the Angkor Wat. The additional benefits to tenets and religious districts are cool, but I'd still like to see some reason to get more faith/followers beyond what's been mentioned.

Edit: Also just realized, each Defense Agency grants +3 bombard damage up?? I'm assuming bombard damage is calculated against units in the same way damage in fights are calculated, so if that's the case, a Defense Agency is 3x Arms Factories worth of bombard damage up?? That seems ridiculous (if that's how bombard damage works).

Edit2: Okay well I guess Soviet units do get 3 chances to apply their Weapons damage bonus each turn (from 3 rounds of attacks per turn), but again this seems like a recreation of the Soviet issue. Will definitely be going Americans more often with this patch, just to see how often I can get Lightnings that one-shot with bombard.

Surfing on the Encyclopedia made me realize how many EQs are religious-adjacent. Those are in alphabetic order, separated by Era:

Astronomy House

Cerimonial Plaza

Confucian School

Egyptian Pyramid

Meroe Pyramids

Olmec Heads

Amphitheatron

Great Obelisk

K'uh Nah

Nazca Lines

Nemeton

Stupa

Triumphal Arch

Tumulus

Batey

Grand Mosque

Hippódromos

Sacred Mound

Sacrificial Altar

Scriptorium

Catedral Gótica

Grand Teahouse

Jama Masjid

Sultan Camii

Tera

Sobor

Ashram

I've made a choice to not include towns, villages, fortresses or citadels, things that had religious infrastructure inside; so that the list does not include English Strongholds, Maasai Enkangs, Mexican Haciendas or other things as such

While I like the idea behind the changes to Aztec and Americans, I agree with others here in saying that it seems like a replication of the Soviets issue.

Idk if this is possible with the systems in place currently, but maybe instead of every sacrificing city, weapons deposit or defense agency giving a flat combat bonus to units, maybe have some kind of diminishing returns mechanic? That is, maybe the first instance gives +1 CS but then to get another +1 cs you need to get 3 more? Then to get a third you'd need to get 6 more on top of that?

OR you could make it so that the bonus only applies to units created in the city with those bonuses? Like, Aztec units only get the combat bonus if they were created in a city with the sacrificing modifier, and American and Soviet units only get the combat bonus when created in a city with their respective districts. That way, you can still scale the bonus but it doesn't automatically apply to the entirety of the player's army and it will limit how far a player can feasibly stretch the bonus.